A powerful S-Basic: The K-Basic v.5
( K-Basic is written by Bernard Kokanosky
/ Amiens / France, August / September 1984 )
|
|
General
The K-Basic is a BASIC interpreter to program the MZ-700 and it is
a changed and expanded version of the S-Basic, but largely compatible
to the S-Basic. It has a lot of new and powerful features, a lot of
new instructions, uses functions and procedures like PASCAL, local variables,
parameters, it has its evaluator, it is compatible to the S-BASIC, but
it is very far from the S-BASIC.
The K-Basic is a standard BASIC interpreter with all functions / commands
of the S-Basic and additional it allows structured programming by new
commands for loops, tests, and subprogramming commands:
FOR-DISP-EXIT-NEXT
REPEAT-UNTIL
WHILE-DO-WEND
IF-DO-THEN-ELSE-DO-ELSIF-DO-ENDIF
CASE-OF-WHEN-OTHERWISE-ENDCASE
DEF PROC-PROC-ENDPROC-LOCAL-DEF FN ( DEF FN more mighty than in S-Basic
)
|
|
Overview of the S-Basic expansions made for the K-Basic
command
/ function |
remarks |
ELSE
ELSIF
DO
ENDIF |
expands the command IF |
INKEY
KEY |
both with additional functions
of the GET command |
MAX
MIN
OR
AND
XOR
DIV
MODULO
ASN
ACS
SH
TH
ASH
ACH
ATH
FACT
CH |
additional computations |
GRAPH
DRAW
POINT
SPOKE |
semi-graphics additions for
the monitor screen |
| BEEP |
BEEP command |
EXC
VARPTR |
to manage variables |
SWAP
NULL
COPY |
to manage arrays ( < 128
dimensions ) |
WAIT
PWAIT |
controlled program waits |
INV$
IN$
STRING$
INSTR |
to manage character strings |
VPOS
HPOS |
to get and process the actual
cursor location |
| RESULT= |
to expand "DEF FN=expression" |
| DISP |
used with FOR will jump to
the line defined by DISP n |
| EVAL |
formular checker; checks a
formular contained in a string |
|
|
Additional important notes
 In
K-Basic you have to seperate each keyword by space(s). "IFA=BTHENPRINT"
is not allowed! Use "IF A=B THEN PRINT".
Keys
are automatically repeated while holding down the key continously. You
can change the timing of this to slow down or to speed up the repetition
by setting the bytes $288 ( 648 dec. ) and $2BC ( 700 dec. ). At $2BC
you change the reaction time until the repetition will start ( default
value is 96 dec. = $60 ). At $288 you change the speed of the repetition
( default value is 16 dec. = $10 ). Setting to 0 is quick and to 255
is slow. Do not use very slow or very quick values - in this case you
cannot handle the computer.
The
areas from $FD00 to $FFFF are used by the K-Basic.
|
| Loading the K-Basic
After loading the K-Basic by the monitor command "L" the
K-Basic beeps. Press either CR to execute the K-Basic, or SHIFT and
BREAK to return to the monitor program, or "S" to make a tape
copy of your K-Basic.
If you make a copy, you get the french message "Appuyez sur une
touche" ( Press any key - to continue ) and the cursor is waiting
for any input key. Next the K-Basic will be copied to your data recorder.
Before pressing any key, you should have inserted and positioned a new
tape which can be overwritten for your K-Basic copy. Then you can press
the PLAY / RECORD keys at your data recorder to start your tape. Then
press any key at your MZ-keyboard and the copy will be written to tape.
The message will be "WRITING K-Basic V.5":
If the copy process is completed, the K-Basic beeps again. Now you
can again enter "S", "CR", or SHIFT and BREAK as
described above.
If you have stopped the process by SHIFT and BREAK or you immediately
called the monitor by these keys, you can return to the process described
above by entering "J8670" while executing the monitor.
|
|
Commands / functions with tokens one byte in length
The
additional functions and commands to the S-Basic are marked red
in all tables below.
| token |
command / function |
entry point in K-Basic v.5 |
| $80 |
GOTO |
$2EEC |
| $81 |
GOSUB |
$2E1A |
| $82 |
DISP n |
$2D75 |
| $83 |
RUN |
$1A87 |
| $84 |
RETURN |
$2DF4 |
| $85 |
RESTORE |
$24FB |
| $86 |
RESUME |
$2E36 |
| $87 |
LIST |
$3A3B |
| $88 |
ENDPROC |
$667D |
| $89 |
DELETE |
$6900 |
| $8A |
RENUM |
$2BA6 |
| $8B |
AUTO |
$2209 |
| $8C |
ENDCASE |
$67D2
( = ENDIF / ENDCASE / DATA / REM ) |
| $8D |
FOR |
$1AD8 |
| $8E |
NEXT |
$1B37 |
| $8F |
PRINT |
$1BFB |
| $90 |
ELSIF |
$3119 |
| $91 |
INPUT |
$22FB |
| $92 |
ENDIF |
$67D2
( = ENDCASE / DATA / REM ) |
| $93 |
IF |
$30A3 |
| $94 |
DATA |
$67D2
( = ENDIF / ENDCASE / REM ) |
| $95 |
READ |
$2541 |
| $96 |
DIM |
$55D6 |
| $97 |
REM |
$67D2
( = ENDIF / ENDCASE / DATA ) |
| $98 |
END |
$21EB |
| $99 |
STOP |
$202C |
| $9A |
CONT |
$2060 |
| $9B |
CLS |
$3185 |
| $9C |
DO
WHILE condition DO;
or used within IF construct |
$3132 |
| $9D |
ON |
$2EA5 |
| $9E |
LET |
$194B |
| $9F |
NEW |
$2288 |
| $A0 |
POKE |
$6892 |
| $A1 |
OFF |
$20B8 ( error ) |
| $A2 |
MODE |
$48BA |
| $A3 |
SKIP |
$491D |
| $A4 |
PLOT |
$3386 |
| $A5 |
LINE |
$4977 |
| $A6 |
RLINE |
$49E4 |
| $A7 |
MOVE |
$49EB |
| $A8 |
RMOVE |
$49F5 |
| $A9 |
TRON |
$22C8 |
| $AA |
TROFF |
$22CC |
| $AB |
INP# |
$6802 |
| $AC |
INKEY
INKEY X or INKEY X$ |
$6845 |
| $AD |
GET |
$684C |
| $AE |
PCOLOR |
$49FC |
| $AF |
PHOME |
$4A31 |
| $B0 |
HSET |
$4A3F |
| $B1 |
GPRINT |
$4A4C |
| $B2 |
KEY |
$3C38 |
| $B3 |
AXIS |
$4AC9 |
| $B4 |
LOAD |
$3B03 |
| $B5 |
SAVE |
$3BBB |
| $B6 |
MERGE |
$3AE3 |
| $B7 |
OF
CASE ... OF |
$20B8 ( error ) |
| $B8 |
CONSOLE |
$3320 |
| $B9 |
PROC
DEF PROC / PROC |
$637E |
| $BA |
OUT# |
$67EB |
| $BB |
CIRCLE |
$4B17 |
| $BC |
TEST |
$4D1C |
| $BD |
PAGE |
$4D2A |
| $BE |
REPEAT
REPEAT UNTIL |
$2F60 |
| $BF |
UNTIL
REPEAT UNTIL |
$2F33 |
| $C0 |
ERASE
S-Basic keyword without interpretation |
$20B8 ( error ) |
| $C1 |
ERROR |
$214C |
| $C2 |
ELSE
IF ... THEN ... ELSE |
$3122 |
| $C3 |
USR |
$67B2 |
| $C4 |
BYE |
$13C2 |
| $C5 |
WHILE
WHILE condition DO |
$2F78 |
| $C6 |
WEND
WHILE ... WEND |
$2FDC |
| $C7 |
DEF |
$24C1 |
| $C8 |
RESULT=expression
example: DEF FN"A"(X)=3*X+5 |
$668D |
| $C9 |
BEEP n,f,d
n = number of beeps ( 0 - 255 )
f = frequency ( 0 - 65,535;
0 high, 65,535 low tone;
frequency is 895kHz / f )
d = period ( 0 - 65,535;
0 short, 65,535 long tone;
period is d / 100 seconds;
if d is omitted d = 1 second )
Can be stopped by BREAK key.
BEEP can be executed too by
CTRL+G or PRINT CHR$(7)
|
$1F9A |
| $CE |
WOPEN |
$3F89 |
| $CF |
CLOSE |
$3E57 |
| $D0 |
ROPEN |
$3FC5 |
| $D1 |
GRAPH x,y
sets a pseudo graphical cursor |
$3238 |
| $D2 |
DRAW |
$3259 |
| $D3 |
SWAP A,B
exchange elements of already
dimensioned arrays of the same type |
$2A8B |
| $D4 |
NULL A,B$,C
sets A and C to 0, B$ to empty string |
$2AE5 |
| $D5 |
COPY A,B
copies array B to array A;
already dimensioned arrays |
$2A9F |
| $D6 |
EXC A,B
or EXC A$,B$
variable contents exchange;
dimensioned or normal variable |
$2A15 |
| $D7 |
WAIT n
waits n / 100 seconds until
execution goes on;
n = 1 - 65,535;
can be interrupted by BREAK.
To this check $1FFF for 0.
|
$1FE7 |
| $D8 |
PWAIT n
n = 1 - 255; waits "n" at the end of
PRINT like a POKE in S-BASIC only ( !! )
at $3900 |
$2017 |
| $D9 |
KILL
S-Basic keyword without interpretation |
$20B8 ( error ) |
| $DA |
LOCAL A,I,H$
local variables definition at PROC or FN |
$656E |
| $DB |
CASE
CASE ... OF ... ENDCASE |
$301D |
| $DC |
WHEN
CASE ... ENDCASE |
$3014 |
| $DD |
OTHERWISE
CASE ... ENDCASE |
$3014 |
| $DE |
EXIT n
exits a FOR - NEXT after n loops |
$5398 |
| $DF |
SPOKE adr,n
adr = 53,248 - 55,295 ( $D000 - $D7FF ),
n = 0 - 255
color poke / 2nd characterset switching
SPOKE 43248,0,2,5... |
$634A |
| $E0 |
TO |
|
| $E1 |
STEP |
|
| $E2 |
THEN |
|
| $E3 |
USING |
|
| $E4 |
π ( pi ) |
|
| $E6 |
TAB |
|
| $E7 |
SPC |
|
| $E8 |
VARPTR variablename
returns address of a variable,
its 1st byte is the length field |
- |
| $E9 |
A=X MAX B
A will be >= B
A is set to the value of X if X > B
A is set to the value of B if X <= B
|
- |
| $EA |
A=X MIN B
A will be <= B
A is set to the value of B if X >= B
A is set to the value of X if X < B
|
- |
| $EB |
OR
| X |
Y |
X OR Y
|
| 0 |
0 |
0 |
| 0 |
1 |
1 |
| 1 |
0 |
1 |
| 1 |
1 |
1 |
|
- |
| $EC |
AND
| X |
Y |
X AND Y |
| 0 |
0 |
0 |
| 0 |
1 |
0 |
| 1 |
0 |
0 |
| 1 |
1 |
1 |
|
- |
| $ED |
XOR
| X |
Y |
X XOR Y |
| 0 |
0 |
0 |
| 0 |
1 |
1 |
| 1 |
0 |
1 |
| 1 |
1 |
0 |
|
- |
| $EE |
>< |
|
| $EF |
<> |
|
| $F0 |
=< |
|
| $F1 |
<= |
|
| $F2 |
=> |
|
| $F3 |
>= |
|
| $F4 |
= |
|
| $F5 |
> |
|
| $F6 |
< |
|
| $F7 |
+ |
|
| $F8 |
- |
|
| $F9 |
A DIV B
e.g. 1000 DIV 3 returns 333;
like INT(A/B) |
- |
| $FA |
A MODULO B
e.g. 10 MODULO 6 returns
remainder 4 by the division 10 / 6;
like A-B*INT(A/B) |
- |
| $FB |
/ |
|
| $FC |
* |
|
| $FD |
↑
( exponential function,
power of x ) |
|
|
|
Commands with tokens two byte in length
| token |
function |
entry |
| $FE81 |
SET |
$318A |
| $FE82 |
RESET |
$31AD |
| $FE83 |
COLOR |
$3D87 |
| $FEA2 |
MUSIC |
$3D53 |
| $FEA3 |
TEMPO |
$3D78 |
| $FEA4 |
CURSOR |
$682B |
| $FEA5 |
VERIFY |
$3BE8 |
| $FEA6 |
CLR |
$229D |
| $FEA7 |
LIMIT |
$68C3 |
| $FEAE |
BOOT |
$33BC |
|
|
Functions
| token |
function |
entry |
| $FF80 |
INT |
$5B60 |
| $FF81 |
ABS |
$5B5B |
| $FF82 |
SIN |
$5C7C |
| $FF83 |
COS |
$5C6C |
| $FF84 |
TAN |
$5D5F |
| $FF85 |
LN |
$5F78 |
| $FF86 |
EXP |
$5EAA |
| $FF87 |
SQR |
$5B9C |
| $FF88 |
RND |
$5E65 |
| $FF89 |
PEEK |
$5E4B |
| $FF8A |
ATN |
$5BBA |
| $FF8B |
SGN |
$5E1C |
| $FF8C |
LOG |
$5F6C |
| $FF8E |
PAI |
$5E38 |
| $FF8F |
RAD |
$5E33 |
| $FF90 |
ASN(X)
arc sine ( sin-1 )
ASN(X)=ATN(X/SQR(-X*X+1))
|
$60C9 |
| $FF91 |
ACS(X)
arc cosine ( cos-1 )
ACS(X)=ATN(X/SQR(-X*X+1))+PI/2
|
$6100 |
| $FF95 |
EOF
S-Basic keyword without interpretation |
$20B8 ( error ) |
| $FF96 |
SH(X)
sine hyperbolic ( sinh )
SH(X)=(EXP(X)-EXP(-X))/2
|
$6149 |
| $FF98 |
TH(X)
tangent hyperbolic ( tanh )
TH(X)=-EXP(-X)/(EXP(X)+EXP(-X))*2+1
|
$616A |
| $FF99 |
ASH(X)
arc sine hyperbolic ( sinh-1 )
( inactive ? ) |
$618B |
| $FF9A |
ACH(X)
arc cosine hyperbolic ( cosh-1 )
( inactive ? ) |
$61A0 |
| $FF9B |
ATH(X)
arc tangent hyperbolic ( tanh-1 ) |
$61C3 |
| $FF9C |
FACT(X)
factorial ( X! ) maximum is 33!
If X > 33 then ERN = 6 is set. |
$6111 |
| $FF9E |
JOY |
$32F8 |
| $FFA0 |
CHR$ |
$20B8 |
| $FFA1 |
STR$ |
$5202 |
| $FFA2 |
HEX$ |
$517D |
| $FFA3 |
CH(X)
cosine hyperbolic ( cosh ) |
$6144 |
| $FFAA |
INV$(string)
PRINT INV$("HELLO") prints OLLEH |
$29FB |
| $FFAB |
ASC |
$5221 |
| $FFAC |
LEN |
$5226 |
| $FFAD |
VAL |
$522A |
| $FFB1 |
EVAL string |
$20B8 |
| $FFB3 |
ERN |
$511A |
| $FFB4 |
ERL |
$5122 |
| $FFB5 |
SIZE |
$5102 |
| $FFB6 |
VPOS
returns line # from cursor, 0 - 24 |
$5110 |
| $FFB7 |
HPOS
returns col. # from cursor, 0 - 39 |
$5115 |
| $FFBA |
LEFT$ |
$524D |
| $FFBB |
RIGHT$ |
$5263 |
| $FFBC |
MID$ |
$5287 |
| $FFBD |
IN$(A$,n,p,B$)
Inserts B$ into A$ between n and p of A$;
n defines the first position in A$
p defines the second position in A$
p is always greater than n and lower than 255,
The range of n can be from 0 to LEN(A$).
The range of p can be from n+1 to 254.
The contents of A$ and B$ remain unchanged.
Examples: A$="ABCD" B$="12345"
PRINT IN$(A$,LEN(A$),255,B$ results into
ABCD12345 ( same as A$+B$ )
PRINT IN$(A$,0,1,B$) results into
12345ABCD ( same as B$+A$ )
PRINT IN$(A$,2,3,B$) results into
AB12345CD |
$2B10 |
| $FFBE |
A=POINT(x,y)
returns the color code of (x,y) set by SET to A.
If not previous set or (x,y) is alphanumeric
A contains 8. |
$3206 |
| $FFBF |
INSTR(A$,B$,n)
(A$,"U",1) search from pos. 1 for "U" in A$.
0 = not found, x = found at x
n = 1 - 255
|
$6731 |
| $FFC3 |
STRING$ |
$1ED7 |
| $FFC4 |
TI$ |
$2447
$52D3 |
| $FFC7 |
FN |
$6382 |
|
|
Hints to change / expand your K-Basic
| Name |
start |
end |
length |
| FREE1 |
$6AF2 |
$6CE5 |
$1F4 ( 500 bytes ) |
| FREE2 |
$6D3B |
$6F2E |
$1F4 ( 500 bytes ) |
| FREE2 |
$6FF3 |
$70DE |
$EE ( 236 bytes ) |
|
|
There are 3 free areas within K-Basic. These areas can be used
to expand it for your own purposes.
The areas can vary between different versions of the K-Basic.
The areas shown here are compatible to the one you can download
from my site.
|
| start |
end |
tokens |
| $6912 |
$6AF0 |
$80 - $FD |
| $6CE6 |
$6D39 |
$FE80 - $FEAE |
| $6F2F |
$6FF1 |
$FF80 - $FFCF |
|
|
The areas follow immediately the K-Basic keyword areas.
|
| start |
end |
tokens |
| $70DF |
$719E |
$80 - $DF |
| $719F |
$71FC |
$FE80 - $FEAE |
| $71FD |
$728C |
$FF80 - $FFC7 |
|
|
You'll find the associated address tables at these locations.
|
|
| Error messages
The K-BASIC was written by Bernard Kokanosky / France and all error
messages are given in french. The following table shows all french messages
translated:
Error number
( in ERN ) |
French Error Message |
Translation |
| 1 |
Plus de memoire |
memory capacity error |
| 2 |
Type de variable illegal |
illegal type of variable |
| 3 |
Erreur de pile |
stack overflow |
| 4 |
Nombre non entier |
number is not an integer |
| 5 |
Valeur incorrecte |
incorrect value |
| 6 |
Depassement de capacite |
overflow error |
| 7 |
Operation illegale |
illegal operation |
| 8 |
Chaine trop longue |
string too long |
| 9 |
Division par 0 |
division by 0 |
| 10 |
Pas d'argument |
no argument |
| 11 |
Syntaxe incorrecte |
incorrect syntax |
| 12 |
Il manque ')' |
missing ")" |
| 13 |
Il manque ',' |
missing "," |
| 14 |
Il manque '(' |
missing "(" |
| 15 |
Mauvais nom de variable |
incorrect name of variable |
| 16 |
Argument negatif |
argument negative |
| 17 |
Mauvais dimensionnement |
array out of bounds |
| 18 |
Indice trop grand |
index too big |
| 19 |
Tableau inconnu |
unknown array |
| 20 |
Trop de parametres |
too much parameters
( number of parameters ) |
| 21 |
Ligne trop longue |
Basic line too long |
| 22 |
RESUME impossible |
RESUME impossible |
| 23 |
Pas de ':' ou fin de ligne |
BASIC line error
( no ":" or line end ) |
| 24 |
Il manque '=' |
missing "=" |
| 25 |
Mot-cle inconnu |
unknown keyword |
| 26 |
6 chiffres pour TI$ |
TI$ needs 6 digits |
| 27 |
Ce n'est pas un chiffre |
not a numeric value |
| 28 |
Ligne inconnue |
unknown BASIC line |
| 29 |
Argument nul |
no / null argument |
| 30 |
UNTIL sans REPEAT |
UNTIL without REPEAT |
| 31 |
NEXT sans FOR |
NEXT without FOR |
| 32 |
Mauvaise variable |
incorrect variable |
| 33 |
Il manque ']' |
missing "]" |
| 34 |
CONT impossible |
CONT impossible |
| 35 |
Il manque ';' |
missing ";" |
| 36 |
Pas de DATA |
DATA not found |
| 37 |
WHILE sans WEND |
WHILE without WEND |
| 38 |
Ce n'est pas un nombre |
not a numeric value |
| 39 |
N° de ligne trop grand |
line number too big |
| 40 |
RETURN sans GOSUB |
RETURN without GOSUB |
| 41 |
Il n‘y a pas eu d‘erreur |
terminated without error(s) |
| 42 |
Mode imprimante incorrect |
printer / plotter mode error |
| 43 |
Mauvais type de fichier |
incorrect type of file |
| 44 |
Caractere illegal (USING) |
illegal character ( USING ) |
| 45 |
Fin de fichier |
end of file |
| 46 |
Fichier deja ouvert |
file already opened |
| 47 |
Erreur de lecture |
read error |
| 48 |
Imprimante non connectee |
printer not connected |
| 49 |
Pas d'ENDIF |
ENDIF missing ( all lines searched ! ) |
| 50 |
Mode IF incorrect |
incorrect IF usage |
| 51 |
Il manque DO |
DO missing |
| 52 |
WEND sans WHILE |
WEND without WHILE |
| 53 |
Il manque OF |
OF missing |
| 54 |
PROC ou FN inconnue |
PROC or FN unknown |
| 55 |
Mauvais nombre de parametres |
wrong number of parameters |
| 56 |
ENDPROC sans PROC |
ENDPROC without PROC |
| 57 |
RESULT sans FN |
RESULT without FN |
| 58 |
Il manque WHEN |
WHEN missing |
| 59 |
Pas d'ENDCASE |
ENDCASE missing |
|
|
Further french messages
| French message |
Translation |
| J'ecris |
Writing |
| Voici |
Found |
| Je charge |
Loading |
| Je verifie |
Verifying |
| Octets libres |
bytes free |
| Pret |
Ready |
| Break en |
Break in |
| Appuyez sur une touche |
Press any key |
|
| Demo programs written by Bernard Kukanosky
You can download this plotter demo
now ( ZIP, 1 KB, MZF-formatted )
|
|
Download
Download the K-BASIC V5.0 now
( ZIP, 21 Kb ).
|
